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BP using toxic chemicals to ‘disperse’ spilled oil

By Pro Publica
Saturday, May 1, 2010 15:16 EST
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Related: Chemical that drags oil to ocean floor being mass produced in Sugarland, Texas

The chemicals BP is now relying on to break up the steady flow of leaking oil from deep below the Gulf of Mexico could create a new set of environmental problems.

Even if the materials, called dispersants, are effective, BP has already bought up more than a third of the world’s supply. If the leak from 5,000 feet beneath the surface continues for weeks, or months, that stockpile could run out.

On Thursday BP began using the chemical compounds to dissolve the crude oil, both on the surface and deep below, deploying an estimated 100,000 gallons. Dispersing the oil is considered one of the best ways to protect birds and keep the slick from making landfall. But the dispersants contain harmful toxins of their own and can concentrate leftover oil toxins in the water, where they can kill fish and migrate great distances.

The exact makeup of the dispersants is kept secret under competitive trade laws, but a worker safety sheet for one product, called Corexit, says it includes 2-butoxyethanol, a compound associated with headaches, vomiting and reproductive problems at high doses.

“There is a chemical toxicity to the dispersant compound that in many ways is worse than oil,” said Richard Charter, a foremost expert on marine biology and oil spills who is a senior policy advisor for Marine Programs for Defenders of Wildlife and is chairman of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council. “It’s a trade off – you’re damned if you do damned if you don’t — of trying to minimize the damage coming to shore, but in so doing you may be more seriously damaging the ecosystem offshore.”

BP did not respond to requests for comment for this article.

Dispersants are mixtures of solvents, surfactants and other additives that break up the surface tension of an oil slick and make oil more soluble in water, according to a paper published by the National Academy of Sciences. They are spread over or in the water in very low concentration – a single gallon may cover several acres.

Once they are dispersed, the tiny droplets of oil are more likely to sink or remain suspended in deep water rather than floating to the surface and collecting in a continuous slick. Dispersed oil can spread quickly in three directions instead of two and is more easily dissipated by waves and turbulence that break it up further and help many of its most toxic hydrocarbons evaporate.

But the dispersed oil can also collect on the seabed, where it becomes food for microscopic organisms at the bottom of the food chain and eventually winds up in shellfish and other organisms. The evaporation process can also concentrate the toxic compounds left behind, particularly oil-derived compounds called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs.

According to a 2005 National Academy of Sciences report, the dispersants and the oil they leave behind can kill fish eggs. A study of oil dispersal in Coos Bay, Ore. found that PAH accumulated in mussels, the Academy’s paper noted. Another study examining fish health after the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska in 1989 found that PAHs affected the developing hearts of Pacific herring and pink salmon embryos. The research suggests the dispersal of the oil that’s leaking in the Gulf could affect the seafood industry there.

“One of the most difficult decisions that oil spill responders and natural resource managers face during a spill is evaluating the trade-offs associated with dispersant use,” said the Academy report, titled Oil Spill Dispersants, Efficacy and Effects. “There is insufficient understanding of the fate of dispersed oil in aquatic ecosystems.”

A version of Corexit was widely used after the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill and, according to a literature review performed by the group the Alaska Community Action on Toxics, was later linked with health impacts in people including respiratory, nervous system, liver, kidney and blood disorders. But the Academy report makes clear that the dispersants used today are less toxic than those used a decade ago.

“There is a certain amount of toxicity,” said Robin Rorick, director of marine and security operations at the American Petroleum Institute. “We view dispersant use as a tool in a toolbox. It’s a function of conducting a net environmental benefit analysis and determining the best bang for your buck.”

Charter, the marine expert, cautioned the dispersants should be carefully considered for the right reasons.

“Right now there is a headlong rush to get this oil out of sight out of mind,” Charter said. “You can throw every resource we have at this spill. You can call out the Marine Corps and the National Guard. This is so big that it is unlikely that any amount of response is going to make much of a dent in the impacts. It’s going to be mostly watching it happen.”

Ryan Knutson contributed to this report

Pro Publica
Pro Publica
ProPublica is an independent, non-profit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest. Our work focuses exclusively on truly important stories, stories with “moral force.” We do this by producing journalism that shines a light on exploitation of the weak by the strong and on the failures of those with power to vindicate the trust placed in them.
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  • EnderW

    Remember the close-in drilling debate in congress?

    All of the Texas and Louisana reps were saying that anyone that believed this would happen was an EXTEREMIST (emphasis not added, it was in the debate).

    Well, all I can say is don't buy shrimp or other seafood coming from the gulf, especially if you want healthy babies.

  • EnderW

    oops, i meant to say texas and florida. i forget the lousiana reps statements. the big players were texas and florida.

  • tinao

    GOD DAMMIT, I'M BEING CENSORED. I swear every other site but the one I post the most on is available to me and just when I was in the middle of a conversation about the oil spill, being that I was in Alaska at the time of the exxon spill fishing. WELL HOPEFULLY RAW WILL POST THIS IT GOES WITH THE CONVERSATION ON BRADBLOG the MEG WHITMAN ARTICLE…

    Hey there Lotta, I got my info from an expert who had come in to try to help during our spill and was a veteran of this spill http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoco_Cadiz . He was a good guy truly concerned for us (the fishing fleet) …but when their experts were not acting fast enough…the fisherman jumped in helping to contain the shit. Unfortunately, I’m not seeing that same kinda “gotta get it done” being employed now. If I were a fisherman down there now I’d be demanding any and everything!

  • FemmeVarie

    what can I say? Looks like the gulf states are f*cked. Most of their economy is from tourism and fishing. Funny thing is, the people getting most f*cked over are still cheering for the oil and gas guys doing this.

  • edwards_com

    No Kidding with MONTHS of spilling to go.

  • bovineamerikkka

    Great job bovine Amerikkka. Keep drilling that oil. You know, all of the oil that you drill offshore in the Gulf of Mexico would not sustain America for more than a couple of months. Now you're going to be feeling the environmental devastation from this spill for a hundred years. Keep at it Amerikkka.

  • jimbo92107

    Are you saying that “disperse” does not mean “makes it all better?”

    When I heard an industry flack (or was it a pol?) talk about “dispersing” the oil slick, I started to laugh. Where, I wondered, would “dispersing” the oil make it go? Up? Down? North?

    One way or another, the “dispersed” oil will remain in the vicinity, poisoning everything around it. The detergent or whatever they're pouring on the oil slick will at best break it into droplets that float in the water, poisoning fish and algae and whatever else has the impudence to live in BP's ocean.

    Drill, baby, drill!
    Spill, baby, spill!
    Burn, baby, burn!
    Kill, baby, kill!

  • markusgarvey

    they are sooooo fucked…

  • jimhadstate

    After Santa Barbara, they told us it could never happen again. After BP's rig blew up wile drilling in the North Sea, they said it could never happen again. After Australia/New Zealand, they said that it could never happen again. How many times do we have to let these major destructive disasters occur before we say it WILL never happen again because you aren't going to drill there anymore. You are either going to join the effort for renewable energy or I guess you go out of business.

  • dennycrane

    What's good for the goose is good for the gander. When these “toxic-tories” get this shit on them, scrub their asses with the stuff.

  • panamarick

    Is Yeets offensive Raw?

  • yaright

    the gulf seems to be BP's personal toilet now but then…..

    who cares what we dump in there. were BP, ya know, the company with the nice little yellow and green flower as out logo to show what a nice environmentally friendly company we are? Next oil rig we build we will have an old fashioned hole where the rig workers can take a shit and it goes right in the water.

    Were BP… we have a yellow and green flower as our logo.

    BIG OIL=BIGGER BULLSHIT

  • WhodaThunkit

    But as long as they can keep a cute face on it like the cartoons with the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome babies driving in cars

  • EnderW

    Also kinda reminds of of the movie “On Deadly Ground”…

  • Patriot101

    Teabaggers eat more Seafood! Eat Baby Eat!

  • Patriot101

    God must be pissed at Southern teabagging States! Tornadoes, Oil Spills, and poisoned food. Could it be the racism they have exhibited or the really dumb politicians they continue to elect?

  • dennycrane

    Ha ha ha ha.

  • dennycrane

    Yeah, where are the christers? Don't they have a guy called the “fisher” of men? Why aren't they down there helping? I guess it is up to the “socialist” government that all the tea baggers hate and the tories, to fix things for them.

  • dennycrane

    They will just blame this mess on the “socialist” government for not helping.

  • qpzm

    How nice. Wishing death on one's political opponents (as evidence by the comments here) is the mark of an extremist.

  • dennycrane

    Lawyer up. If you just passed the bar the capitalist pigs may have just given you a job. Hopefully, when this is over these rat bastards will be eating “oily” crow.

    …”If the oil slick fouls popular beaches, ruins fisheries and disrupts traffic on the Mississippi River, attorneys say there could be hundreds of thousands of plaintiffs from Texas to Florida seeking monetary damages from oil producer BP PLC and other companies that ran the Transocean Deepwater Horizon drilling rig.”…..

  • dennycrane

    China burning coal and having it “drift” into the USA is another major addition to our mercury readings.

  • dennycrane

    Nothing better to see Steven with that look in his eye smashing skulls….

  • dennycrane

    As with the oil spill: put a cork in it, tory.

  • jimbeaux

    From now on – refer to the Gulf of Mexico as the “Dead Zone”

  • dennycrane

    They could plant a million poplar trees on the coast and the roots suck up the crap out of the water and soil….but, they probably do not grow in SALT WATER….

  • robertsfinnegan

    “Dispersing the oil is considered one of the best ways to protect birds and keep the slick from making landfall. But the dispersants contain harmful toxins of their own and can concentrate leftover oil toxins in the water, where they can kill fish and migrate great distances.”

    Exactly the same as 245T and 24D, it kills EVERYTHING and lingers forever, and they don't even know the half-life on this shit. So now they are saying that they have to destroy everything that comes into contact with the slick in order to save it. Things have not changed much since Vietnam… Watch them start burning hooches that unfortunately happen to sit on very valuable land (Oil). They then seize the land from the owners who cannot get it cleaned up within a certain time frame (old retirees), and since the area is already fucking destroyed , well hell, they might well drill. This happened many times in Alaska, and the asswipes got away with it. History repeats itself.

    Robert S. Finnegan
    United States Marine Corps
    rsfinnegan@gmail.com
    Jakarta, Indonesia

  • NoOneYouKnow

    Big Oil has plenty of friends in government. Exxon never suffered much for the Valdez spill; BP won't suffer much for this one.

  • polondia

    This civilization, empire, culture whatever history in the future will call it, those people will say they we were fools, absolute fools! Oil was for money, and the creature comforts it brought, were all at the expense of the environment. In fifty years they ruined a nation and its people for greed.

  • EnderW

    i love that facebook page the christians have to pray for the president's death.

    how many million “friends”?

    what did that fairybook jesus say? ah yeah, “remove the plank from your own eye first”.

  • Juan Valdez

    “…as they kill you slow, and some of y'all don't even know, you're paying a machine to die.”

  • crusty

    idiots. It's called the evaporative cycle. Once it's in the water, it is soon airborne, enters the atomosphere and precipitates down on the land. BPs bullshit will be the gift that keeps on giving for decades.

  • dennycrane

    Good response.

  • dennycrane

    Is that the stuff that causes ALS? the 2,4 D?

  • robertsfinnegan

    Gee, what makes you think that? If we are indeed extremists then the blame for this lies with the satanic oil companies.

    Grow a pair, or shut the fuck up. We are not going to come down to your level just because you are miserable over what you are, coward, and you seek to infect others like yourself so you can hide among them and pretend you are not a puking, mewling douchbag. We will not co-sign your feeble, “politically correct” bullshit. Those dark days are fucking over, the Truth Movement will see to that.

    I would like to see how you react when your entire life has just been destroyed by these swine, BP, Exxon, they are all the same. Here to rip Americans off in the biggest smash-and-grab and poisoning in our history.

    Where is it going to stop? How many times will we have to hear their immortal, perpetual lies: “..it will never happen again,” before we rise up and slay this monster once and for all?

    Robert S. Finnegan
    United States Marine Corps

  • tarlipps

    They have two C130's making three trips a day each trip covers 250 acres…………….

  • tarlipps

    Like it did the people in Alaska any god damn good………..all they have to do is appeal it to SCOTUS and they will automatically win. Haliburton was sealing the well when it blew.

  • tarlipps

    Hell ya, they won't need to put any grease in the pan to fry it.

  • robertsfinnegan

    Don't know man. DOD and the VA will say the same thing.

    Robert S. Finnegan

  • johnniefavorite

    Christ I was JUST THINKIING THAT (about the Seagal movie) and two secconds later read your post.
    You know what else it reminds me of….KARMA. We have been fucking people up for almost 10 years (well the latest most obvious and eggregious ones) you know spewing death and spitting nuclear waste that covers our ammo all over Irag and Afghan'….hey fellow american dummasses, you can't go fucking people and the planet up forever and not have, howzit' go; 'Consequenses and Reprocussions'. The chickens are coming home to roost and I have a feeling this is just the begining.

  • johnniefavorite

    Whoa dats' deep. What'zat from?

  • johnniefavorite

    Robert you go…speaking some thunder my brotha'.

  • owl

    WE humans are toast, but as George Carlin said “The earth isn't going anywhere, we humans are”

  • robertsfinnegan

    Semper Fi Brother, Johnnie it's time to hip these fucking non-hacking
    shitbirds to what life is really all about.

    Robert

  • piltdown

    Our own coal burning isn't helping, either.

  • Pablo Cruz

    I'm sorry but I don't really care. The people they have been voting for in the South will not change until the voters suffer more of the consequences of their votes. As far as I am concerned, they can eat their oiled birds while thinking about their former seafood industry, and couples can save up for their honeymoon or anniversary trips to California to see some nature and enjoy a clean environment for a few weeks in their otherwise toxic lifetimes. We will be happy to take the tourism dollars of all the schulbs from West Virgina who let the coal industry cut all of their mountain tops off. No problem.

  • piltdown

    “The love of money is the root of all evil.”

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    You know, you can EDIT your posts?

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    You know, you can EDIT your posts?

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    At least it may wake up some of these lowland billies.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    At least it may wake up some of these lowland billies.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    Considering BP is in Iraq sucking out the oil, I’d say you had it just about right.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    Considering BP is in Iraq sucking out the oil, I’d say you had it just about right.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    You forget, this is God’s punishment for … something or other that Pat Robertson doesn’t like.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    You forget, this is God’s punishment for … something or other that Pat Robertson doesn’t like.

  • Boneman

    We have a bunch of babies in charge of things. Immature men and women who really are bereft of any vision who want to acquire as much money as they can for their children’s futures while messing up their children’s futures. It’s always ironic with these elected officials, isn’t it.

  • Boneman

    We have a bunch of babies in charge of things. Immature men and women who really are bereft of any vision who want to acquire as much money as they can for their children’s futures while messing up their children’s futures. It’s always ironic with these elected officials, isn’t it.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    You really need to work on your syntax.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    You really need to work on your syntax.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    Yeah, somebody send Sarah the Pale Rider a box of oily shrimp. Seriously. And tell her the glop is special Cajun black sauce. You can only get it during drilling season.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    Yeah, somebody send Sarah the Pale Rider a box of oily shrimp. Seriously. And tell her the glop is special Cajun black sauce. You can only get it during drilling season.

  • Druthers

    Congress votes for deregulation – over and over – time after time. All these “accidents,” coal, water, oil are the directs results of profit over safety – of greed over integrity.
    We vote for them – they screw us.
    Smell that oil?

  • Druthers

    You can wish until doomsday – “If wishes were horses we'd all be kings”.
    A terrorist is someone who carries out terrorist acts not thoughts.

  • Druthers

    PS: I would add that in our time anyone capable of a thought beyond the kindergarten level is considered an extremist.

  • wiseandawake

    2nd OIL RIG overturned in Gulf??? SUSPICIOUS?
    Isn't this ODD? Bet this will be their excuse to hike up gas to $5-7 a gallon
    http://www.infowars.com/gulf-oil-rig-fiasco-its…

    Dick Cheney's? Halliburton? bought premiere oil-well firefighting co. For 240 mil on April 12th!!!
    Weeks before Gulf of Mexico oil rig spill?
    Coincidence??
    Http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message1052119/pg1

  • wiseandawake

    The Gov Hoaxers want the economy completely destroyed so we'll except their world Gov and their world currency.

  • wiseandawake

    WAKE UP PEOPLE!!!

    HUFFINGTON POST
    Halliburton May Be Culprit In Oil Rig Explosion
    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/30/hallib…
    2nd OIL RIG overturned in Gulf??? SUSPICIOUS?
    Isn't this ODD? Bet this will be their excuse to hike up gas to $5-7 a gallon
    http://www.infowars.com/gulf-oil-rig-fiasco-its…

    Dick Cheney's? Halliburton? bought premiere oil-well firefighting co. For 240 mil on April 12th!!!
    Weeks before Gulf of Mexico oil rig spill?
    Coincidence??
    Http://www.godlikeproductions.com/forum1/message1052119/pg1

  • NadePaulKuciGravMcKi

    british petroleum
    goldman sachs
    halliburton

    toxic stew
    toxic gulf

  • Howmuch Longer

    The cheapest form of life is death —Capitalism message to mankind

  • BP-SOUP-RECIPES

    TOXIC CHICKEN-HAWK SOUP !

    humm……….humm……… GOOOOOOOOOOD !!

  • dredd

    The company making the bogus deadly chemicals has an office in Dubai, UAE down the street from Halliburton, and has its HQ in Tom Delay's district.

  • sparkey

    BP will soon file for bankruptcy. It just depends on how soon the top people in the company can unload all of their stock.

  • benresone99

    Oh I feel the price of gasoline rising as I type. Naturally WE will end up paying for the mess as usual. Its the American way.

    Lou
    http://www.whos-watching.es.tc

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    We are doomed by the stupidity of our fellow man, including the “genius” in the White House.

  • http://bigdanblogger.blogspot.com/ Big Dan
  • Boneman

    The acquisition of money for the sake of money. How fucking titanically stupid. The pursuit of joy for the sake of joy is no way to find joy.

  • wial

    It occurs to me there's a bright side to this. It will hurt the economies of many of the states that pay for getting extremely stupid people elected. Too bad Georgia won't be as heavily impacted as some of the others. They've been the worst since the founding,when they forced the nation to accept slavery.

  • Benway for the Nova Police

    After what you loonies have done, simple death would be doing you a favor. I say, use the old medieval torture method and run a string down your throat, but instead of using water, use crude. Bon Appetit.

  • St. Camper

    Chemicals used in “Fracking”? Toxic?
    Oil itself….Toxic?
    Drilling Mud….Toxic?

    Oil is filthy, toxic and a bad deal for the environment, although details about such toxicity are used to exaggerate it, long-term effects of petroleum toxicity will be causing cancer for decades, if not centuries to come.
    Electricity can be produced from next-to-nothing and used to charge storage batteries. Now, before you can holler “jack-sprat” someone will say “those batteries are toxic”. TRUE and make no mistake, the chemicals used in producing and powering batteries are dangerous, but more easily controlled.

    What we are looking at here is an Industry which made a policy of buying all patents on inventions producing clean energy, and are holding back on production and marketing until such time as financial benefit to themselves will be at an all-time high. An Industry motivated by profit, Banks motivated by Profit, a Government controlled by industry and banking; Health Care regulated and controlled by Government. Cancer….reduced life-span…reduced wage expectation…reduced education…reduced population. Yes, a N*E*W world order.

  • Boneman

    Couldn't have said it better my self…

  • http://www.darkpolitricks.com/2010/05/texas-governor-pans-drilling-safety-regulations-suggests-%e2%80%98god%e2%80%99-to-blame-for-bp%e2%80%99s-oil-disaster/ Texas governor pans drilling safety regulations, suggests ‘God’ to blame for BP’s oil disaster – Dark Politricks

    [...] oil into the gulf. The process could take as long as three months. Meanwhile, the company is also dumping thousands of gallons of a toxic chemical “dispersant” into the gulf in hopes that the solution will bind to [...]

  • randy565

    this is insane id rather be able to see the oil and know where it is than to have it dissolved where it gets into every living organism. ill no longer eat fish. where do these idiots come from? and not disclosing the ingredients of the desperateness because of trade secrets is ludicrous. im sorry when you put thousands of gallons of anything in my ocean you have an obligation to at least say what it is

  • joe colletti

    Is there any information yet if this oil rig explosion was a terrorist attack?

  • chase

    As one of the top 10 Marine Aquarists in the world – i can tell you no matter what they use it will have a major impact on the marine life not only in the gulf but through out the Carribean.

    The reefs being extremely fragil – more fragil than the fish themselves – if the reefs go – so do the fish. It's the small that count most in this equation. Kill the micro anything larger can't survive – and at worst – will be possioned or contain toxins i wouldn't want to eat especially if they are to be consumed by humans.

    The Florida Coast contains the only Reef system in the USA – That is why they banned drilling int he first place in the Gulf and offshore in Florida.

    Thank you government who have greed in mind instead of the people. or the Future of the people.

    Haiti is the prefect example of this – the US goivernment is falling in line with the Haitian political practise of selling the people and country out.

    A president with any balls in the USA would have long ago made our dependancy on Oil minimal. Like Brazils President – who actually did something for the country instead of special interest groups.

    The USA has many problems – all policitically marred by the very morons elected or had been elected and are now retired to protect the country. And then add in the lobbiest using retired political leaders who sell their influence and connections with current leaders for personal gain – BP and many others get away with what ever they want and what's good for the USA as a nation is compramised.

    Channey should be charged with crimes against the people and Bush as well – So should Obama for that matter. And the Clintons.

    But it won't happen – at least not yet. The people aren't pissed off enough yet. But they are gettting there.

    Until the people are pissed off enough – true change will not take place. Of course you have to remove all the media bs which is used to control the steam or miss-direct it.

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  • http://www.sportbikes.net/forums/politics-religion/432005-imagine-if-bush-had-oil-spill-4.html#post4342940 Imagine if Bush had this oil spill – Page 4 – Sportbikes.net

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  • http://theruthlesstruth.com/wordpress/2010/05/06/washingtons-blog-10/ Washington’s Blog | The Ruthless Truth blog

    [...] In addition, BP is using chemical disperents to try to break up the oil plumes as they arise (the dispersants are highly toxic). [...]

  • http://www.angeliska.com/2010/05/poisoned-honey-on-blackout-beach/ Angeliska Gazette › Poisoned Honey on Blackout Beach

    [...] ✸ BP using toxic chemicals to ‘disperse’ spilled oil [...]

  • http://les7duquebec.wordpress.com/2010/05/11/le-techernobyl-des-petrolieres/ Le Techernobyl des pétrolières « Les 7 du Québec

    [...] “Corexit”. Il est à souligner que le pétrole est toxique pour la faune, mais les dispersants chimiques le sont tout aussi et la toxicité des deux combinés est supérieure à la somme des parties. Les règles de [...]

  • http://unitednationsoffilm.com/?p=262 Stargates: Gulf of Aden and Future Fake Flag Wars – United Nations of Film

    [...] BP are even using toxic chemicals to disperse the oil. [...]

  • Anonymous

    Especially out here Danny

  • http://www.memorybits.co.uk/ flash drive

    The people they have been voting for in the South will not change until the voters suffer more of the consequences of their votes. As far as I am concerned, they can eat their oiled birds while thinking about their former seafood industry, and couples can save up for their honeymoon or anniversary trips to California to see some nature and enjoy a clean environment for a few weeks in their otherwise toxic lifetimes. We will be happy to take the tourism dollars of all the schulbs from West Virgina who let the coal industry cut all of their mountain tops off. No problem.

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    Kama Sut Msg Oil…

    [...] y Advisory Council. “It’s a trade off â₠[...]…

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