The leaders of the United States, Mexico and Canada are expected to set aside simmering trade tensions and pursue deeper economic integration at talks on Tuesday that will also cover security and migration.
Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador will host his US counterpart Joe Biden and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for three-way talks known as the "Three Amigos" summit.
While efforts to tackle migration and drug smuggling dominated a bilateral meeting between Lopez Obrador and Biden on Monday, the focus is expected to shift to the economy when Trudeau joins them.
Reinforcing regional economic ties "allows the United States to be the manufacturing powerhouse that President Biden has talked about but also is a win-win for Mexico and Canada," White House National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan told reporters.
Furthermore, it "reduces our dependencies on other countries and other parts of the world who don't necessarily share the same values that we share with our partners here in North America," he added.
Mexico hopes to benefit from Washington's efforts to reduce its reliance on Asia-based manufacturers.
Last year, the Latin American nation was invited by the United States to join a multi-billion dollar push to boost semiconductor manufacturing to compete with China,
Biden revived the "Three Amigos" talks in 2021, seeking to restore normalcy to the three-way partnership after his predecessor Donald Trump shelved the regional summit.
But relations between Lopez Obrador and Biden have not been entirely smooth.
Mexico faces a formal trade complaint from the United States and Canada under a North American trade deal.
Washington and Ottawa say Lopez Obrador's push to boost the state's role in the energy industry hurts foreign investors and hinders the development of clean energy.
While Biden and Trudeau may raise their concerns with Lopez Obrador in private about the energy reforms, in public they are likely to emphasize the potential for closer collaboration.
Differences also surfaced on Monday between the United States and Mexico in their approaches to dealing with surging migrant arrivals at their shared border.
"It is time to end this oblivion, this abandonment, this disdain for Latin America and the Caribbean," Lopez Obrador, who wants increased US investment in the region, said at the start of bilateral talks.
Biden defended Washington's record, saying it had spent "tens of billions of dollars" in the past 15 years alone that had benefited the region.
"The United States provides more foreign aid than every other country just about combined," he said.
"Unfortunately, our responsibility just doesn't end in the Western Hemisphere," Biden added.
Amnesty International urged the North American leaders to make the rights of refugees and migrants a "top priority" at their talks and to "stop implementing inhuman shared migration policies."
"As the number of people fleeing violence and persecution continues to grow, protecting the human rights of migrants and refugees is of critical importance," said Erika Guevara-Rosas, Amnesty's Americas director.
"Instead of increasing barriers for people on the move and subjecting them to further hardship, President Biden, President Lopez Obrador and Prime Minister Trudeau must adopt measures to protect their rights in North America and abroad," Guevara-Rosas added.
On Thursday, Biden announced an expansion of powers to expel people showing up at the border without clearance.
At the same time, a legal, strictly enforced pathway will be created for up to 30,000 migrants a month from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua and Venezuela.
Another priority for Biden is tackling what he called "the plague of fentanyl," referring to the often-deadly opioid smuggled across the border by Mexican drug cartels.
In 2021, the United States and Mexico announced a revamp of their fight against drug trafficking to address the root causes of migration, encourage economic development and bolster curbs against cross-border arms smuggling.
© 2023 AFP