The world's largest diplomatic gathering began with a stark warning of growing chaos and confusion on Tuesday ahead of a showdown between US President Donald Trump and his Iranian counterpart on the floor of the United Nations.
On the opening day of the General Assembly debate, Trump and Hassan Rouhani are to take their turns at the podium four months after the US president ditched the Iran nuclear deal.
The five remaining parties to the agreement -- Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia -- announced Monday plans to keep business ties alive with Iran, staring down Washington's move to impose sanctions.
Eyeing his second summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, Trump will also likely tout his diplomacy with Pyongyang as a win, even if the North has taken little concrete action to dismantle its missile and nuclear programs.
Trump withdrew from the nuclear deal in May, to the dismay of European allies, Russia and China which had invested years in negotiations to achieve a milestone agreement on keeping Iran's nuclear ambitions in check.
In his address, the Iranian president will stress that Iran continues to stick to the 2015 deal and portray the United States as a pariah for breaking its international commitments.
Since Trump came to power, promising that the world's most powerful country would follow an unashamedly "America First" foreign policy, there have been growing fears about the US commitment to multilateral institutions such as the United Nations.
In a speech at the opening of the assembly, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said trust in the rules-based global order and among states was "at a breaking point" and international cooperation becoming more difficult, without specifically mentioning Trump.
"Today, world order is increasingly chaotic. Power relations are less clear," he told the 193-nation assembly.
"Universal values are being eroded. Democratic principles are under siege," he added just minutes before Trump was to take the podium.
Even though they will be speaking from the same stage, both Trump and Rouhani have ruled out a meeting on the sidelines of the assembly.
In a tweet on Tuesday morning, Trump said he had no plans to meet Rouhani "despite requests" to do so.
"Maybe someday in the future. I am sure he is an absolutely lovely man!" he said.
Trump used his UN address last year to bash the nuclear deal as "an embarrassment," signaling that the United States was ready to walk away.
After its exit, the United States maintains that it is seeking to ramp up pressure on Iran which it accuses of sowing chaos in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Lebanon.
"As I have said repeatedly, regime change in Iran is not the administration's policy," Trump's national security adviser John Bolton told reporters.
"We've imposed very stringent sanctions on Iran, more are coming, and what we expect from Iran is massive changes in their behavior," he said.
- Defying US on Iran -
After a late meeting on Monday, EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini announced that a new legal entity would be set up to preserve oil and other business links with Iran.
"This will mean that EU member-states will set up a legal entity to facilitate legitimate financial transactions with Iran and this will allow European companies to continue to trade with Iran," Mogherini told reporters, flanked by Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif.
Rouhani has also made clear he has no intention of seeing Trump while in New York during the marathon of meetings.
As a precondition for any dialogue, Rouhani said Trump would need to repair the damage done by exiting the nuclear deal. "That bridge must be rebuilt," he told NBC news.
On Wednesday, Trump will for the first time chair a meeting of the Security Council on non-proliferation that will give him a fresh opportunity to make the case for a tougher international stance on Iran.
"The Trump administration's approach toward Iran seems to boil down to: squeeze and let's see what will come," said Robert Malley, president of International Crisis Group.
- U-turn on North Korea -
With only six weeks to go before key midterm US elections, Trump will be seeking to appeal to his hard-right voter base from the dais of the General Assembly.
Trump used his debut address 12 months ago to threaten to "totally destroy" North Korea and belittled its leader as "rocket man," prompting Kim to respond by calling the US president "mentally deranged."
But returning to New York, Trump hailed "tremendous progress" to halt Pyongyang's nuclear and ballistic missile tests.
"Chairman Kim has been really very open and terrific, frankly, and I think he wants to see something happen," Trump said after meeting South Korean President Moon Jae-in.
Also making his second address at the General Assembly, French President Emmanuel Macron is expected to take issue with Trump's America-First policy and make the case for strengthening the rules-based multilateral order.
Macron is championing the Paris climate agreement on reducing greenhouse gas emissions that Trump ditched in June, arguing it would harm the US economy.