It marked the first time a top Smithsonian leader had been publicly grilled by Congress since President Donald Trump signed an executive order directing officials to "remove improper ideology" from the institution's museums.
Burchett opened Tuesday's session by accusing the museum of having "become infected by a woke ideology that has seeped into public displays, educational materials, and planning documents."
"But in the museum's current telling, history is just an ongoing power struggle between oppressors and the oppressed," Burchett said. "Only the oppressed are celebrated, especially illegal immigrants."
Burchett then challenged Hartig over exhibits on "race, identity, gender, and sexuality."
"Yes, sir," Hartig replied. "We strive to create a museum where our visitors will be inspired by the collections, programs, and exhibitions, and they will choose what they each will do to keep our American democracy strong and vibrant, and they'll play that chosen part with passion. That is our hope."
Burchett pointed to images he had posted on a display board behind him, describing what he called sexually explicit content in museum exhibits.
"You have pictures of bondage," the lawmaker complained. "You have some overtly sexual things up there. You have transgender folks...?"
"The exhibition and project you're referring to is Girlhood: It's Complicated, which was a temporary exhibit in our museum that closed —" Hartig began.
"Ma'am, I didn't ask you that," Burchett cut her off. "I asked you: do you think it is appropriate?"
Hartig said the exhibit had featured, with the author's permission, a 13-year-old's diary that covered sleepovers, Latin class, and math exams. She said the exhibit carried a parental advisory label at its entrance.
"Do you think that is appropriate for a child to see? Yes or no?" Burchett pressed.
"I understand your question, sir," Hartig said.
"No — don't. You're not answering. You're just running on, ma'am," Burchett shot back.
In his closing moments, Burchett cited three statements he attributed to Hartig — that America was founded on "the supremacy of white men," that loving America is "very complicated," and that the nation's 250th anniversary is worth "problematizing."
"It is the honor of my career to serve as the Elizabeth MacMillan Director of the National Museum of American History," Hartig replied when asked if she should continue leading the museum.
