As President Donald Trump readies for a tough reelection battle in November, US media reported the two sides are set to meet beginning August 15 to discuss the deal, which calls for China to sharply increase buying American goods and services this year and next.
But according to data compiled by the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), Chinese agricultural purchases at the end of June were far from where they should be at this point in the year.
They had reached only 39 percent of their semi-annual target, according to US figures, or 48 percent, based on Chinese figures.
"If we get back to what the level of trade was in 2017, we'll be lucky," said Chad Bown, a PIIE senior fellow who authored the study, referring to the year before the trade war began.
- Purchases pick up -
Under the deal's terms, China agreed to increase agricultural imports $32 billion over the next two years from 2017 levels.
Chinese orders for corn and soybeans have increased since mid-July, with Beijing buying just over three million tons of American oilseeds between July 14 and August 7, according to US Department of Agriculture data.
At the end of July, the United States reported the largest-ever daily order by China for its corn, of 1.9 million tons.
The announcements were a relief to US farmers, who are expecting a bumper crop this year and need to find buyers to take it.
They also came at a time of high political tension between the two countries, after the Trump administration authorized sanctions against several Hong Kong leaders over the rights crackdown in the city, and restrictions on Chinese apps WeChat and TikTok.
The Chinese "realize we're not being the best of buddies right now, but they need the products and they're gonna take as much as they need," said Jack Scoville, agricultural market analyst for Price Futures Group.
It's possible that Beijing will change its orders from buying this year's harvest to next year's.
But analysts warn that any orders could be called off before the ships carrying them leave port.
Brazil and Argentina, two of the world's largest soybean and corn producers, are starting their harvests next spring, said Brian Hoops, president of the brokerage firm Midwest Market Solutions.
China "could cancel all these purchases they made in July and buy at much cheaper prices if that's available to them," Hoops said.
- 'Infeasible' -
The trade deal dubbed "phase one" and signed in January has managed to survive both the tensions and the sharp global economic downturn caused by the coronavirus pandemic, which has badly hit international trade.
US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer in June said China would follow through on its commitments, while Washington would also pursue a "phase two" trade deal that "will focus on issues of overcapacity, subsidization, disciplines on China's state-owned enterprises, and cyber theft."
Bown said any success in getting China to buy not just farm but also energy and manufactured goods, would aid Trump in his reelection campaign.
"$200 billion is a big round number that he can go out and talk about," Bown said, referring to the amount China had committed to buy by the end of 2021.
But China has lifted very few of the tariffs it applied to American products during the trade war, making achieving that objective "infeasible."
"There's no economic incentives for the Chinese private sector to buy American. So if China is actually going to buy this stuff, it has to be through state direction," Bown said.
